Tired eyes, achy back and figures.... you need a break from your computer....
Ergonomics
Ergonomics is the science of fitting workplace conditions and job demands to the capabilities of the working population. Effective and successful "fits" assure high productivity, avoidance of illness and injury risks, and increased satisfaction among the workforce. Although the scope of ergonomics is much broader, the term here refers to assessing those work-related factors that may pose a risk of musculoskeletal disorders and recommendations to alleviate them. Common examples of ergonomic risk factors are found in jobs requiring repetitive, forceful, or prolonged exertions of the hands; frequent or heavy lifting, pushing, pulling, or carrying of heavy objects; and prolonged awkward postures. Vibration and cold may add risk to these work conditions. Jobs or working conditions presenting multiple risk factors will have a higher probability of causing a musculoskeletal problem. The level of risk depends on the intensity, frequency, and duration of the exposure to these conditions. Environmental work conditions that affect risk include intensity, frequency and duration of activities.
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/ergonomics/
ERGONOMICS...
The term "ergonomics" is derived from two Greek words: "ergon," meaning work, and "nomoi," meaning natural laws. Ergonomists study human capabilities in relationship to work demands.
POSTURE...
In recent years, ergonomists have attempted to define postures which minimize unnecessary static work and reduce the forces acting on the body. All of us could significantly reduce our risk of injury if we could adhere to the following ergonomic principles:
- All work activities should permit the worker to adopt several different, but equally healthy and safe postures.
- Where muscular force has to be exerted it should be done by the largest appropriate muscle groups available.
- Work activities should be performed with the joints at about mid-point of their range of movement. This applies particularly to the head, trunk, and upper limbs.
THE PROBLEM...
Here, however, we arrive at a problem - and a serious challenge to conventional ergonomic thinking: In order to put these recommendations into practice, a person would have to be a skilled observer of his or her own joint and muscle functioning and would have to be able to change his or her posture to a healthier one at will. No one develops this sort of highly refined sensory awareness without special training. Therefore, in order to derive the benefits of ergonomic research, we must learn how to observe our bodies in a new way.*
Any attempt to improve workplace conditions can have only limited success if this issue is ignored.
A SOLUTION...
One training program that cultivates precisely these skills is the Alexander Technique. It has a long history of helping people develop the subtle coordination of thought and physical action required to monitor and alter harmful patterns of posture and movement. In short, it enables its students to put ergonomic principles into practice, and thus helps them reduce their risk of developing a repetitive strain injury and other stress-related injuries. For example, a
comprehensive study published by the British Medical Journal in 2008 offers overwhelming evidence that the Alexander Technique is a very effective way of alleviating backpain.
The Alexander Technique was developed in the early 20th century before ergonomics became a recognized science and has been applied since then by people all ages and professions. The Technique can be described as a simple and practical educational method which alerts people to ways in which they are misusing their bodies, and how their everyday habits of work may be harming them. It teaches people how to avoid work habits which create excessive amounts of static work and how to reduce the amount of unnecessary muscular force they are applying to their bodies. Stated another way, the Technique teaches the use of the appropriate amount of effort for a particular activity.
http://www.ergonomics.org/
COMPUTER ERGONOMICS
Over the past few decades, computer-based technology has become indispensable in most offices and operations at the University. Along with the proliferation of technology, concerns about the safe and comfortable use of computers have emerged. Scientific studies have found various associations between computer use and illness, injury and discomfort of users. Many of those who use computers much of their workday indeed experience symptoms of general fatigue, eyestrain or irritation and physical discomfort. Computer ergonomic hazards are generally related to workstation setup, job design and work practices.
Repetitive motion (such as keyboarding), poor posture and/or long job task duration increase the risk of pain and discomfort. Continued exposure to these hazards leads to Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) of the musculoskeletal system or what is commonly termed Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs).
Ergonomics is the applied science of equipment design, as for the workplace, intended to maximize productivity by reducing operator fatigue and discomfort. When ergonomics is applied correctly in the work environment, visual and musculoskeletal discomfort and fatigue are reduced significantly.
Ergonomic Evaluations & Training Sessions
In Cambridge and in Longwood the Environmental Health and Safety office offers several training programs relative to computer workstation ergonomics and injury/illness prevention. The classroom-based training program is offered in the Longwood and Cambridge/Allston campuses. This one hour training session will provide an introduction to the principals of ergonomics, proper workstation design and set-up, and safe comfortable work practices in the computerized environment. Instructors will demonstrate ways to prevent musculoskeletal strain or injury, increase productivity and work more comfortably. This course will enable participants to adjust their workstations and work practices for optimal comfort and injury prevention.
In addition, EH&S has an Online Computer Workstation Ergonomic Training Evaluation Program. This program is designed to be accessible to Harvard faculty, staff and students via the EH&S home page. Its main purpose is to provide guidance to the Harvard community regarding sound ergonomic practices at the computer workstation and to alert users to the early warning signs and symptoms of ergonomic injury. The evaluation tool is intended to allow the user to evaluate his or her own workstation and work habits relative to generally accepted criteria and to make appropriate adjustments. A quiz at the conclusion of the program is provided to reinforce the main points presented. The program may be accessed from any Harvard University computer. You will need your Harvard ID number to access the program.
http://www.uos.harvard.edu/ehs/ih/compergo.shtml